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Administrative law encompasses various principles that guide the actions and decisions of administrative agencies. These principles help ensure fairness, accountability, and legality in the administrative process. While the specific principles can vary between legal systems, some common principles include:

1. Rule of Law: Administrative actions must comply with the law. This principle ensures that administrative agencies act within the scope of their authority and follow established legal procedures.
2. Legitimate Authority: Administrative agencies derive their authority from legislation. The authority granted to them should be clear, and agencies must act within the limits set by the law.
3. Due Process: This principle ensures that individuals and entities affected by administrative decisions are afforded fair treatment. Key elements of due process include notice of the proposed action, an opportunity to be heard, and a fair and impartial decision-making process.
4. Natural Justice or Fairness: Administrative decisions should be made fairly. This includes unbiased decision-making, disclosure of relevant information, and giving affected parties an opportunity to present their case.
5. Reasonableness and Rationality: Administrative decisions should be reasonable and rational. This means that decisions should be based on relevant evidence, logical reasoning, and considerations within the scope of the agency’s authority.
6. Procedural Fairness: This principle focuses on the fairness of administrative procedures. It includes providing notice, an opportunity for affected parties to respond, and a right to legal representation in certain circumstances.
7. Consistency: Administrative agencies should strive for consistency in their decisions. Like cases should be treated alike, and decisions should not be arbitrary or capricious.
8. Transparency: Administrative processes and decisions should be transparent to the public. This includes making information about agency actions, rules, and decisions readily available and accessible.
9. Accountability: Administrative agencies should be accountable for their actions. This principle may involve mechanisms such as reporting requirements, audits, and review processes to ensure that agencies are acting in the public interest.
10. Proportionality: Administrative actions and penalties should be proportionate to the objectives they seek to achieve. Excessive or disproportionate measures may be deemed unreasonable.
11. Access to Information: Individuals generally have a right to access information held by administrative agencies, subject to certain limitations for reasons such as national security or privacy.
12. Judicial Review: This principle allows for the review of administrative decisions by independent courts. Courts assess whether the agency has acted within its authority and followed proper procedures.

These principles collectively contribute to the framework of administrative law, helping to ensure that administrative agencies operate within the bounds of the law and respect the rights of individuals and entities affected by their decisions.